A unique type of muscle fiber found in the extraocular muscles has been shown to be resistant against the disease ALS, and has been shown to even increase in proportion to compensate when other types ...

The following text summarizes information provided in the video. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for many functions, including movement and ...

The patient presented with horizontal binocular diplopia, right-sided ptosis, and a headache that she noted had been worsening since it started 3 days earlier. She also told clinicians that she found ...

When assessing a patient with acute-onset diplopia, it is important to evaluate three ocular structures: the lids, the pupil, and the extraocular muscles. Diplopia accompanied by unilateral ptosis ...

Cranial neuropathy occurs when there is damage to the cranial nerves in the brain or brain stem. Depending on the affected cranial nerve, people may experience different symptoms, such as weakness on ...

DISTURBANCES of eye movements frequently confront the physician with puzzling diagnostic problems. First of all, the examiner must determine whether the abnormal function of eye muscles is the result ...

A 55 year-old woman developed a sudden and severe headache, described as "the worst headache of my life." Pituitary Apoplexy. T1-weighted axial MRI. Note the enlargement of the pituitary gland and the ...