Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components to stimulate immune responses against various infections. Recently, TLR agonists have emerged as a promising way to activate anti-tumor immunity.

Cells harbour numerous receptor pathways to respond to diverse stimuli, yet often share common downstream signalling components. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades are an example of such ...

Cell signaling is crucial for cells to communicate and function correctly. Disruptions in these pathways, caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors, can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, ...