Seemingly mutualistic relationships can be exploited, in some cases reducing fitness of the exploited species. In plants, the insufficient receipt of pollen limits reproduction. While infrequent ...
It is well known that animal-pollinated plants usually offer nectar or pollen to reward vectors for pollen transfer. While nectar is a kind of sugar water, pollen is protein-rich, must-need nutrient ...
Stuart Thompson has received funding from MAFF and the Nuffield Foundation. He consults to the University of Copenhagen. Flowers have a secret signal that’s specially tailored for bees so they know ...
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