A 76-year-old woman with known ischemic cardiomyopathy, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 25%, and a previously inserted pacemaker presents to her cardiologist concerned that there is a problem ...

You will get medicine before the procedure. This helps you relax and helps prevent pain. The doctor makes a cut in the skin just below your collarbone. The cut may be on either side of your chest. The ...

The rhythm is regular at a rate of 120 beats/min. A pacemaker stimulus occurs before each QRS complex (→). This is ventricular pacing. Because the pacing rate is 120 beats/min, the mode of pacing must ...

When a heart patient with an implanted pacemakerundergoes electrocardiogram testing,the cardiologist must be able to detect thepresence and effects of the pacemaker (seesidebar, “When the heart’s ...

If the ventricular pacing is originating in the right ventricle like a normal pacemaker, a left bundle branch morphology will be present. This occurs since the right ventricle is activated first and ...

2.1 Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias) are caused by disturbances in electrical impulse generation or by abnormal conduction between chambers of the heart – principally within the sinus node, ...