Piezoelectric actuators are commonplace electronicdevices, with examples including motors,fans, sound transducers, pumps, vibration controllers,deflection plates, position stabilizers,and active ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Piezo ceramics are brittle, difficult to connect electrical leads to, and have no insulating protection to prevent ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. A piezoelectric motor is a linear motor with bidirectional motion. It uses friction to grip the armature while a ...

For a PDF verion of this article, click here. Though the understanding of piezoelectrics is more than a century old, there is, of late, a rapidly expanding interest in piezoelectric actuators, because ...

Short circuits in the tracks, points or wiring are almost inevitable when building or operating a model railway. Although transformers for model systems must be protected against short circuits by ...