When a molecule absorbs light, electrons in its constituent atoms become excited and are promoted to a higher energy level. When electrons in this excited state lose energy and return to the ground ...

Glasses are regarded as promising luminescent materials due to their distinct superiorities of physicochemical stability, cost-effectiveness and convenient preparation. However, developing ...

Astronomers studying galaxy evolution have long struggled to understand what causes star formation to shut down in massive galaxies. Although many theories have been proposed to explain this process, ...

All products featured on GQ are independently selected by GQ editors. However, when you buy something through our retail links, Condé Nast may earn an affiliate commission. First things first: The ...

We don’t have to tell you that summer heat and sunny days require refreshment. If you’re like us, you spend these hazy mid-July afternoons gulping down ice water, lemonade, and more flavored seltzer ...

The quenching dilatometers series are used to examine the heat treatment of steel and metal alloys to identify the heating rate, the quenching rate and the isothermal dwell times essential for ...

Tempered glass is about four times stronger than "ordinary," or annealed, glass. And unlike annealed glass, which can shatter into jagged shards when broken, tempered glass fractures into small, ...