Case 1. A.C. (P.A.S.H. 21–59–29), a 62-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital on September 19, 1966, because of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. In 1957 he was noted to have an aortic diastolic ...

Patients with pulmonary hypertension often present with nonspecific symptoms. These symptoms are often difficult to dissociate from symptoms due to a known underlying pulmonary or cardiac disorder. As ...

An S4 heart sound cannot be present during atrial fibrillation (atrial kick is required). An S3 heart sound cannot be present in the setting of severe mitral stenosis. An S3 heart sound can be present ...