General systems theory has been proposed as a basis for the unification of science. The open systems model has stimulated many new conceptualizations in organization theory and management practice.

Numerous researchers have proposed that trust is essential for understanding interpersonal and group behavior, managerial effectiveness, economic exchange and social or political stability, yet ...

Sixty years ago, social psychologist Douglas McGregor developed two different theories — Theory X and Theory Y — about how managers perceive employees. Theory X managers are authoritarian. They ...

Douglas MacGregor's Theories X and Y classify employees as either extrinsically motivated by fear of consequences or desire for reward, or intrinsically motivated by a will to succeed, respectively.

Rational organization theory is the idea that an organization, such as a business, is a tool for achieving a definable goal or set of goals. A rational organization uses a formal structure to define ...

We are not accepting application for 2026. Develop a high level of professional creativity and interpersonal competence in Weatherhead School of Management’s PhD in Organizational Behavior program.

An organization, by its most basic definition, is an assembly of people working together to achieve common objectives through a division of labor. An organization provides a means of using individual ...