Elizabeth Jonas first got interested in mitochondria by chance. In 1995, she was a postdoctoral researcher at Yale, working ...

These enzymes require the input of energy in the form of ATP and are often involved in the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones. Examples of ligases include DNA ligase, which joins DNA ...

Sharma’s study examined the ATP synthase at an acidic state just below neutral on the pH scale. By examining ATP synthase in this way, the researchers uncovered several new insights into how the ...

Figure 1. Chromium (Cr3+) fluorescent probes can label Cr (III)-binding proteins specifically in cells (top), Cr (III)-binding proteins are concentrated in the regulation of mitochondrial biological ...

"The ATP synthase protein complex consists of a spinning rotor driven by the back transport of protons into the mitochondrial matrix. This part is connected to the enzyme's catalytic head by a ...

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Protons passing through F O (the pore) cause the γ stalk to rotate, inducing conformational transitions in the β subunit that are required for the synthesis of ATP from ADP. 9,10 The synthesis ...

Theoretical research examining the electric field within the energy-making enzyme ATP synthase alludes to it having a much higher enzymatic efficiency than reported in textbooks. 1 Calculations of the ...

Using several enzymes, the beneficial muropeptides were determined to be disaccharide molecules containing a short AA chain. Mechanistically, these muropeptides were shown to enter intestinal-cell ...