As an unprecedented Israeli attack on Iran last week sparks a spiraling conflict between the two enemy states, China has seen an opportunity to cast itself as potential peace broker – and an alternative voice to the United States.

Flight plans indicated a final destination of Luxembourg, but the aircraft appeared to have never flown near European skies

Loud explosions rocked key Iranian cities as well as Israel’s Tel Aviv and Jerusalem on Tuesday, amid fresh missile attacks from both sides. Meanwhile, Iran has claimed to hit Israeli spy agency Mossad's centre.

China suggested the US use its influence with Israel to stop the conflict with Iran from spilling over, a sign Beijing is becoming increasingly concerned about the stability of a region it relies on for energy supplies.

Chinese commentators have said that Iran might have fared better against Israeli strikes if had been equipped with Chinese weaponry

Chinese refineries have become hooked on cheap imports of sanctioned Iranian crude.

Rising tensions in the Middle East will accelerate natural gas negotiations between Russia and China, with a decision likely this year, the head of a think-tank that advises the Russian government on China told Reuters.

Both countries have closed their airspaces, leaving few options for citizens of other countries seeking to leave.

The planes were reportedly carrying military supplies or restricted goods, potentially reinforcing Iran’s defence capabilities amid its standoff with Israel. The secrecy surrounding the landings, including the transponder shutdowns and unannounced arrivals in Tehran,